Provided by: Basil Kahwash, MD
Allergist/Immunologist
Diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis (eczema) are often caused by ongoing uncontrolled inflammation in the body. In asthma, for example, this inflammation leads to narrowing of the airways, making it harder to breathe. For decades, the management of allergic and inflammatory diseases has depended on various forms of steroids. Asthma attacks, severe eczema flares, and nasal polyps are treated with an oral course of steroid. Control of these diseases can be maintained with drugs like steroid inhalers, steroid creams, and nasal steroid sprays. While these treatments can be effective, they may also cause side effects when used in high doses or for too long.
Biologics are a newer type of medication that work differently. They target specific proteins in the immune system that cause inflammation. Biologics are given as injections or infusions, usually every few weeks, and are designed to block the signals that trigger inflammation in allergic diseases. Unlike steroids, which affect the whole body, biologics are more precise and only target certain parts of the immune system. This means they can help control symptoms like wheezing, itching, or nasal congestion with fewer side effects.
Patients whose allergic disease is not well controlled with standard treatments are often good candidates for biologics. A biologic can help control disease while reducing dependence on steroids and the side effects that come with them. If you have ongoing symptoms despite using inhalers, creams, nose sprays, or other medications, your doctor may discuss whether a biologic is right for you. These medications have helped many people control their disease and enjoy a better quality of life.